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Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 – February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer of film and theater. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles – typically lowlifes, bullies, and misfits – Hoffman was a regular presence in films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46. Drawn to theater as a teenager, Hoffman studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of ''Law & Order'' and started to appear in films in 1992. He gained recognition for his supporting work throughout the decade, notably in ''Boogie Nights'' (1997), ''Happiness'' (1998), ''The Big Lebowski'' (1998), ''Magnolia'' (1999), and ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' (1999). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in ''Capote'' (2005), won multiple accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actor. Hoffman's profile continued to grow, and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in ''Charlie Wilson's War'' (2007), a priest accused of pedophilia in ''Doubt'' (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in ''The Master'' (2012). While he mainly worked in independent films, including ''The Savages'' (2007) and ''Synecdoche, New York'' (2008), Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters, such as ''Twister'' (1996) and ''Mission: Impossible III'' (2006), and, in one of his final roles, as Plutarch Heavensbee in the ''Hunger Games'' series (2013–15). The feature ''Jack Goes Boating'' (2010) marked his debut as a filmmaker. Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director. He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995, where he directed, produced, and appeared in numerous stage productions. His performances in three Broadway plays – ''True West'' (2000), ''Long Day's Journey into Night'' (2003), and ''Death of a Salesman'' (2012) – all led to Tony Award nominations. Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult, and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety. In February 2014, he died of combined drug intoxication – an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and theater industries. Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters, and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles, Hoffman was described in his ''New York Times'' obituary as "perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation". ==Early life== Hoffman was born on July 23, 1967, in the Rochester suburb of Fairport, New York.〔 His mother, Marilyn O'Connor (née Loucks), came from nearby Waterloo and worked as an elementary school teacher before becoming a lawyer and eventually a family court judge.〔 His father, Gordon Stowell Hoffman, was a native of Geneva, New York, and worked for the Xerox Corporation. Along with one brother, Gordy, Hoffman had two sisters, Jill and Emily.〔 Hoffman was baptized a Roman Catholic and attended mass as a child, but did not have a heavily religious upbringing. His parents divorced when he was nine, leaving the children to be raised primarily by their mother.〔 Hoffman's childhood passion was sports, particularly wrestling and baseball,〔 but at age 12 he saw a stage production of Arthur Miller's ''All My Sons'' and was transfixed. He recalled in 2008, "I was changed – permanently changed – by that experience. It was like a miracle to me". Hoffman developed a love for the theater, and proceeded to attend regularly with his mother, who was a lifelong enthusiast.〔 He remembered that productions of ''Quilters'' and ''Alms for the Middle Class'', the latter starring a teenage Robert Downey, Jr., were also particularly inspirational. At the age of 14, Hoffman suffered a neck injury that ended his sporting activity, and he began to consider acting.〔 Encouraged by his mother, he joined a drama club, and initially committed to it because he was attracted to a female member.〔〔 Acting gradually became a passion for Hoffman: "I loved the camaraderie of it, the people, and that's when I decided it was what I wanted to do."〔 At the age of 17, he was selected to attend the 1984 New York State Summer School of the Arts in Saratoga Springs, where he met his future collaborators Bennett Miller and Dan Futterman. Miller later commented on Hoffman's popularity at the time: "We were attracted to the fact that he was genuinely serious about what he was doing. Even then, he was passionate."〔 Hoffman applied for several drama degree programs and was accepted to New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts.〔 Between starting on the program and graduating from Fairport High School, he continued his training at the Circle in the Square Theatre's summer program.〔 Hoffman had positive memories of his time at NYU, where he supported himself by working as an usher. With friends, he co-founded the Bullstoi Ensemble acting troupe.〔 He received a drama degree in 1989.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip Seymour Hoffman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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